Win at All Costs: Inside Nike Running and Its Culture of Deception

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Dr. Gabi Eissa, professor of management, San Diego State University Credit: San Diego State University National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) NOCoSfAE. History. [cited 2018 Dec 16]; Available from: https://nocsae.org/about-nocsae/history/

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In high-performance environments, where athletes are fine-tuned to push themselves to physical and mental limits, abuse can go unnoticed or be deemed “what it takes” to reach the highest levels of performance. British gymnasts report that the abuse is so common that it is accepted by athletes, parents and coaches. In our sport, abuse is normal Kroshus E, Garnett B, Hawrilenko M, Baugh CM, Calzo JP. Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents. Soc Sci Med. 2015;134:66–75.Wiese-Bjornstal DM. Psychology and socioculture affect injury risk, response, and recovery in high-intensity athletes: a consensus statement. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:103–11. Van Thuyne W, Delbeke FT. Declared use of medication in sports. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18(2):143–7.

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Rivalry. Going head-to-head with one or two opponents creates strong feelings of excitement and anxiety, which intensify arousal. Bhambhani Y, Mactavish J, Warren S, Thompson WR, Webborn A, Bressan E, et al. Boosting in athletes with high-level spinal cord injury: knowledge, incidence and attitudes of athletes in paralympic sport. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(26):2172–90. Kayser B, Mauron A, Miah A. Viewpoint - legalisation of performance-enhancing drugs. Lancet. 2005;366:S21-S. Kjaer M, Bayer ML, Eliasson P, Heinemeier KM. What is the impact of inflammation on the critical interplay between mechanical signaling and biochemical changes in tendon matrix? J Appl Physiol. 2013;115(6):879–83.Trappe TA, White F, Lambert CP, Cesar D, Hellerstein M, Evans WJ. Effect of ibuprofen and acetaminophen on postexercise muscle protein synthesis. Am J Physiol. 2002;282(3 Part 1):E551–E6. The authors, Yanbing Chen, Conor Buggy, and Seamus Kelly, declare that they have no competing interests. Publisher’s Note Hsu CJ, Meierbachtol A, George SZ, Chmielewski TL. Fear of reinjury in athletes: implications for rehabilitation. Sports Health. 2017;9(2):162–7. After reviewing the papers included, the three most frequent themes were injury reporting, medicine usage and PPE usage. The results of the remaining studies on other health and safety issues have also been included in the table, though not discussed within the three themes. Sporting injury- concussion reporting awareness Therkorn JH, Shendell DG. Evaluation and characterization of environmental risks and asthma management knowledge and awareness through surveys of coaches, athlete parents/guardians, and athletes. J Asthma Allergy Educ. 2012;3(3):106–16.